onewinter, Author at onewinter games

Updated Lightweight ScriptableObject Events in Unity

Updated Lightweight ScriptableObject Events in Unity

Since my original post on Lightweight ScriptableObject Events, I’ve made some minor variations to the version of code I’ve been using in production. I replaced the Lists with standard Event subscriptions (I like the way the += and -= syntax looks better than RegisterListener() and UnregisterListener(), plus it sticks out better so you know it’s an event subscription:

View this gist on GitHub

and updated sampled script:

View this gist on GitHub

Try it out and see which solutions works best for your project!

onewinter2023-06-03T19:22:34-04:00June 3rd, 2023|Categories: General|Tags: C#, Code Snippets, Events, Scriptable Objects, Unity|0 Comments

Simple Unity Hex Grid Framework

Simple Unity Hex Grid Framework

I’ve been using this gist in my last two projects to get an easy hex grid up and running quickly in Unity. I made some additions to it using the original source material at redblobgames.com, including an implementation of Amit’s A* Pathfinding algorithm (definitely one of my prouder comp-sci/math moments, even though I already did my own variation on A* back in Tower2Defense).

Here’s a video of the A* pathfinding in action (the enemies take damage randomly as they walk, no player towers yet in this video):

And some fun experiments with enumerating through the grid using Spiral, Ring & DistanceTo to create the game board’s pattern (the gif with enemies is actually using Unity’s AI Navigation package, which was not worth continuing to struggle with compared to the results the A* gives me now):

Finally, here’s the updated Hex.cs so you can check it out:
(Unity doesn’t include C#’s PriorityQueue class yet; you can use this direct port from the official C# lib as a drop-in replacement: https://github.com/FyiurAmron/PriorityQueue/blob/main/PriorityQueue.cs)

View this gist on GitHub

onewinter2023-05-31T05:22:15-04:00May 30th, 2023|Categories: General|Tags: A* Pathfinding, C#, GitHub, Grids, Hexagons, Unity|0 Comments

Lightweight ScriptableObject Events in Unity

Lightweight ScriptableObject Events in Unity

There’s loads of sources on this topic, even on Unity’s own Learn page! My goal with this code was to create a lightweight version that I can drop into any project if I need a quick event system. Most of the code examples I’ve found online have been based around wiring up events using the Inspector, or having a one-to-one relationship between each Event and its Listener(s). The system below replaces the GameListenerEvent middleman class from the Unity Learn example with the standard Action type, letting you assign your delegate for each Event Listener in your code.

The code below creates base classes for Action, Action<T1>, and Action<T1,T2> delegates, similar to the UnityAction versions (which you could probably replace Action with, if you want to remove your dependence on the System library). You can go ahead and add T3 and beyond if you find the need for them.

Use the standard OnEnable() => eventObject.RegisterListener(delegate); and OnDisable() => eventObject.UnregisterListener(delegate); syntax to register your Listeners.

This code was adapted from the code in the discussion located here.

	using System;
	using System.Collections.Generic;
	using UnityEngine;

	public abstract class BaseGameEvent : ScriptableObject
	{
	#if UNITY_EDITOR
	[TextArea] public string developerDescription = "";
	#endif

	private readonly List<Action> listeners = new ();

	public void Raise()
	{
	for (var i = listeners.Count – 1; i >= 0; i—)
	{
	listeners[i].Invoke();
	}
	}
	public void RegisterListener(Action listener)
	{
	if (!listeners.Contains(listener)) { listeners.Add(listener); }
	}
	public void UnregisterListener(Action listener)
	{
	if (listeners.Contains(listener)) { listeners.Remove(listener); }
	}
	}

	public abstract class BaseGameEvent<T1> : BaseGameEvent
	{
	private readonly List<Action<T1>> listeners = new ();

	public void Raise(T1 t1)
	{
	for (var i = listeners.Count – 1; i >= 0; i—)
	{
	listeners[i].Invoke(t1);
	}
	}
	public void RegisterListener(Action<T1> listener)
	{
	if (!listeners.Contains(listener)) { listeners.Add(listener); }
	}
	public void UnregisterListener(Action<T1> listener)
	{
	if (listeners.Contains(listener)) { listeners.Remove(listener); }
	}
	}

	public abstract class BaseGameEvent<T1,T2> : BaseGameEvent
	{
	private readonly List<Action<T1,T2>> listeners = new ();

	public void Raise(T1 t1, T2 t2)
	{
	for (var i = listeners.Count – 1; i >= 0; i—)
	{
	listeners[i].Invoke(t1, t2);
	}
	}
	public void RegisterListener(Action<T1,T2> listener)
	{
	if (!listeners.Contains(listener)) { listeners.Add(listener); }
	}
	public void UnregisterListener(Action<T1,T2> listener)
	{
	if (listeners.Contains(listener)) { listeners.Remove(listener); }
	}
	}

	/* USE:
	*************

	[CreateAssetMenu()]
	public class GameEvent : BaseGameEvent {}
	public class IntGameEvent : BaseGameEvent<int> {}
	public class IntStringGameEvent : BaseGameEvent<int,string> {}

	**************
	*/

view raw BaseGameEvent.cs hosted with ❤ by GitHub

	///
	/// examples of the three components required to utilize the system:
	///

	// the Scriptable Object Event definition
	[CreateAssetMenu]
	public class CoinGameEvent : BaseGameEvent<int>
	{}

	// the MonoBehaviour on each Coin to collect
	public class Coin : MonoBehaviour
	{
	// the Scriptable Object Event we created via the Create Asset menu
	[SerializeField] private CoinGameEvent coinEvent;

	// raise our coin event whenever the user picks up a coin
	void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D other)
	{
	coinEvent.Raise(1);
	Destroy(gameobject);
	}
	}

	// this can also be a ScriptableObject since they still have OnEnable() and OnDisable() methods
	public class CoinManager : MonoBehaviour
	{
	int coins;

	// register to Listen for the Coin Event
	void OnEnable() => coinEvent.RegisterListener(AddCoins);
	void OnDisable() => coinEvent.UnregisterListener(AddCoins);

	// add the number of coins in the Event to our total
	void AddCoins(int value) => coins += value;

	}

view raw SampleUsageCoin.cs hosted with ❤ by GitHub

onewinter2022-10-08T04:26:24-04:00October 7th, 2022|Categories: General|Tags: C#, Code Snippets, Scriptable Objects, Unity|1 Comment

Projectile Arcing in Unity with Animation Curves

Projectile Arcing in Unity with Animation Curves

I recently had to figure out how to move a projectile in an Arc for a project I’m working on and found that a Google search was harder than expected, so I’m writing this up in that hopes that it might help someone else! For starters, take a look at this post on how to do it in 2D, as well as some explanation on the math behind it. For our purposes, we’re going to let Unity handle calculating the arc by simply using an Animation Curve. (Kind of hilariously, I spent part of the past weekend learning Animation Curves in Unity, only to have it be the subject of my next Maya class come Monday morning. Hindsight!)

This is the code I’m using, which is hyper-specific to my project, but we can break it down in principle. (I’ll cover ScriptableObject TypeObjects in a later post, but that’s what’s going on here; Projectile is a MonoBehaviour and the class below is a ScriptableObject)

Line 7: CurrentTime += Time.deltaTime in Update(). Duration is how long the projectile should take from firing to reach its target. linearT calculates the ratio from 0 to 1 of how close to done we are, given a desired Duration.
Line 9: PositionXZ() is an extension function I wrote that returns a Vector3 with its Y value set to 0. This function handles moving the projectile towards the target on the X and Z axes, using Lerp and linearT to interpolate smoothly.
Line 11: does the same thing but only for the Y axis. This ensures that we end up at the correct height for the target, in case the start and end Y positions are different.
Line 13: uses the same 0 to 1 value in linearT to evaluate the animation curve and return a height offset value. This is multiplied by curveMaxHeight to determine the effective height at the top of the parabola.
Line 15: adds the Lerped Y to the Offset Y to get the new effective Y. (If we’re Lerping from 0y to 0y, baseY will be 0y throughout, so the arc offset will determine the Y value alone.)

View this gist on GitHub

And here’s the animation curve stored in the curveHeight field:

You’ll want to manually clamp the points on the X axis at 0 and 1 to a value of 0. This ensures that at the start and end, no height is added to the projectile. Add a key point at 0.55 and set its value to .95. Set the Start and End tangents to linear; you want the projectile to shoot up towards the peak and come down towards the target quickly. In the middle, you can keep the point at Auto; grab the tangent handle and turn it clockwise so that the right hand side of the parabola is as close to a 45 degree angle as you can get it, which should push the peak to touching 1 on the Y axis.

This system works beautifully, because the offset for the mortar in the Animation Curve matches what you expect it to look like in the game, which I find makes it easier to wrap your head around how it works. You can play around with the tangents if you want to extend that hang at the top, but this works pretty well as is.

Looks pretty good, and no tricky math required… it should also be adaptable for other projectiles like rockets or arrows if you flatten out the Animation Curve. Try it out!

Edit 2022/08/20: I randomly stumbled across https://blog.terresquall.com/2019/11/coding-projectiles-for-your-tower-defense-game-part-2/ and thought it was a great explanation of the same concept; so for further reading, check it out.

onewinter2022-10-08T04:26:59-04:00July 21st, 2022|Categories: General|Tags: Animation Curves, C#, Code Snippets, GitHub, Scriptable Objects, Unity|0 Comments

More Portfolio Updates

More Portfolio Updates

Filled out a few more pages on the portfolio so it’s fully complete. Check ’em out!

The Adventures of Robo Boy in Cloud City, an adorable platformer written in Construct that will challenge you!

Odds & Evens: 2048 Plus, my first mobile game that you can still download from the Google Play Store!

Zap City, a top-down 2D game where you must use your chain lightning ability to defeat enemies and solve puzzles as you try to escape the city.

onewinter2022-07-08T14:39:45-04:00July 8th, 2022|Categories: General|Tags: Site News|0 Comments

New Site Design!

New Site Design!

Spent the last few days working on a full overhaul of the site using the Avada theme… Really enjoyed all the different ways to customize everything (and I barely scratched the surface of what’s possible–I still have classwork to do, after all!) Realized that having a shiny site that I’m proud of and that’s easy to add content to will make me more likely to update this regularly. So, yay. Be back soon to continue filling in those portfolio projects! 🙃

onewinter2022-06-28T10:20:16-04:00June 28th, 2022|Categories: General|Tags: Site News|0 Comments

Portfolio Updates

Portfolio Updates

Added Portfolio post types to my WordPress setup and started filling in some work over on the Portfolio page. Check it out!

Some highlights:

Spiced Pumpking, a Monopoly-meets-Spaceteam-esque game that has you battling for supremacy of the Pumpkin Spiced Latte market.

A Sunset Rendezvous, a simple 2D top-down game in the style of the original Zelda.

The Great Hunt, a prehistoric dice war game that could be played by hunters on the go.

My Drawing Bootcamp Sketches, where you can see me do my best to draw (I definitely improved a lot by the end!).

I’ll be filling in the rest of the current projects in the upcoming days and will update here once it’s all done. I challenged myself to post once per module during this summer semester, so that’s twice a week! So, more to come soon. Cheers!

onewinter2022-06-28T10:21:33-04:00June 26th, 2022|Categories: General|Tags: AAU, Site News|0 Comments

GitHub & Itch.io Pages

GitHub & Itch.io Pages

It’s always so bizarre to open up WordPress after a long time away and see how much has changed (even moreso when you think about the fact that I’ve been using WordPress in some way or another since before it was even called that.)

Anywho, I’ve challenged myself to spend some time in between grad school semesters writing about the projects I worked on this semester and some of the stuff I’ll be working on in the future. We’ll start here with links to my GitHub and Itch.io pages, where I published the three projects I’ll be talking about in future posts.

GitHub

Itch.io

Even though this code is nothing special, I’m publishing it alongside the actual playable versions in the hope that something in there might be useful to someone down the line; in addition, I feel like it’s healthy to put your code out into the world whenever you can, inviting discussion and criticism with the eventual goal of learning and growing from the experience.

Ta for now!

onewinter2022-06-28T10:21:18-04:00June 1st, 2022|Categories: General|Tags: GitHub, Itch.io, Site News, Unity, Unreal|0 Comments

Withings-Sync Python/Powershell Script w/ Discord Webhook Notifications

Withings-Sync Python/Powershell Script w/ Discord Webhook Notifications

I recently deployed https://github.com/jaroslawhartman/withings-sync to sync my Withings scale to my Garmin account. Here’s a quick Powershell script I whipped up that runs via Scheduled Tasks on Windows and uses a Discord Webhook to notify you of its progress:

	# function adapted from https://stackoverflow.com/posts/42995301/revisions
	Function Execute-Command ($commandTitle, $commandPath, $commandArguments)
	{
	Try {
	$pinfo = New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo
	$pinfo.FileName = $commandPath
	$pinfo.RedirectStandardOutput = $true
	$pinfo.UseShellExecute = $false
	$pinfo.Arguments = $commandArguments
	$p = New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process
	$p.StartInfo = $pinfo
	$p.Start() \| Out-Null
	[pscustomobject]@{
	commandTitle = $commandTitle
	stdout = $p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd()
	}
	$p.WaitForExit()
	}
	Catch {
	exit
	}
	}
	# call this with garmin username & password to sync from withings
	function withings-sync( $username, $password )
	{
	# setup vars
	$hoursToPause = 2
	$fromDate = Get-Date
	$loop = $true
	$countOfTries = 0
	$maxTries = 10
	$user = $username
	$pwd = $password
	$wsPath = "C:\python38\scripts\withings-sync.exe"
	# discord setup
	$discordBot = "Withings -> Garmin Sync"
	$hookUrl = "https://discord.com/api/webhooks/xxxx"
	$content = "{0:HH:mm:ss}: Garmin upload beginning for $user." -f ( (Get-Date) )
	$section = New-DiscordSection –Title "Info" –Description $content –Color LightGrey
	# send discord update on start
	Write-Host $content
	Send-DiscordMessage –webHookUrl $hookUrl –Sections $section –AvatarName $discordBot
	do
	{
	# only retry $maxTries times
	if($countOfTries -lt $maxTries)
	{
	# create args, then try withings-sync upload and capture output
	$args = ("–garmin-username ${user} –garmin-password ${pwd} –fromdate {0:yyyy-MM-dd}" -f $fromDate).ToString()
	$process = Execute–Command –commandTitle "Withings->Garmin Sync" –commandPath $wsPath –commandArguments $args
	$outputText = $process.stdout
	Write-Host $outputText
	# if upload worked, break loops
	if( $outputText.Contains("Fit file uploaded to Garmin Connect") )
	{
	$content = "{0:HH:mm:ss}: Garmin upload successful for $user." -f ( (Get-Date) )
	$section = New-DiscordSection –Title "Info" –Description $content –Color Green
	$loop = $false
	}
	# if no measurements, wait and try again later
	elseif( $outputText.Contains("No measurements to upload for date or period specified") )
	{
	$content = "{0:HH:mm:ss}: No Withings measurements found for $user; sleeping $hoursToPause hour(s) and trying again." -f ( (Get-Date) )
	$section = New-DiscordSection –Title "Alert" –Description $content –Color Yellow
	}
	# if withings refresh failed
	elseif( $outputText.Contains("withings – ERROR") )
	{
	$content = "{0:HH:mm:ss}: Withings refresh failed for $user; sleeping $hoursToPause hour(s) and trying again." -f ( (Get-Date) )
	$section = New-DiscordSection –Title "Alert" –Description $content –Color Red
	}
	# if garmin upload failed
	else
	{
	$content = "{0:HH:mm:ss}: Garmin upload failed for $user; sleeping $hoursToPause hour(s) and trying again." -f ( (Get-Date) )
	$section = New-DiscordSection –Title "Alert" –Description $content –Color Red
	}

	# send discord update
	Write-Host $content
	Send-DiscordMessage –webHookUrl $hookUrl –Sections $section –AvatarName $discordBot

	# pause for $countOfTries hour(s) and try again
	$countOfTries = $countOfTries + 1
	if($loop) { Start-Sleep ( $hoursToPause * 60 * 60 ) }
	}
	# after #maxTries failures, send discord update and exit the loop
	else
	{
	$content = "{0:HH:mm:ss}: Garmin upload failed $maxTries times, aborting." -f ( (Get-Date) )
	$section = New-DiscordSection –Title "Alert" –Description $content –Color Red
	Write-Host $content
	Send-DiscordMessage –webHookUrl $hookUrl –Sections $section –AvatarName $discordBot

	$loop = $false
	}
	}
	while ($loop -eq $true)
	}

view raw withings-sync-powershell.ps1 hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Install the PSDiscord powershell module. Set $hookUrl with your Discord Webhook URL. Setup your path to the Python withings-sync executable in the $wsPath variable, then call the withings-sync function from Powershell after initializing your Withings token with withings-sync manually, as per the github instructions (pass your Garmin credentials as the $username and $password parameters). The script will auto-retry up to $maxTries times every $hoursToPause.

Edited 2021-09-21: removed some code from the Execute-Command function that could cause a deadlock when Garmin spits out its 403 error and changed the order of the if/else statements slightly. Cheers!

onewinter2022-10-08T04:26:43-04:00August 13th, 2021|Categories: General|Tags: Code Snippets, Discord, Garmin, Powershell, Python, Withings|0 Comments

More Regular Updates

More Regular Updates

Hi again!

As part of an assignment for the Master of Arts degree I’m currently pursuing at the Academy of Art University in San Francisco, I took a look around this site and did some mild clean-up. Going forward, I’ll be adding new pages as I complete projects that will improve my portfolio. I’m also going to endeavor to start posting here a few times a week, talking about what I’m working on or currently playing–plus I’m sure some random musings or venting.

See you soon!

onewinter2022-06-27T08:09:45-04:00August 3rd, 2021|Categories: General|Tags: Site News|0 Comments

About onewinter

Updated Lightweight ScriptableObject Events in Unity

Simple Unity Hex Grid Framework

Lightweight ScriptableObject Events in Unity

Projectile Arcing in Unity with Animation Curves

More Portfolio Updates

New Site Design!

Portfolio Updates

GitHub & Itch.io Pages

Withings-Sync Python/Powershell Script w/ Discord Webhook Notifications

More Regular Updates

About My Work

Recent Works

Recent Posts

tjcioffe

About onewinter

Some highlights:

About My Work

Recent Works

Recent Posts